The ability of ionizing radiation to cause biological changes depends on how energy is transferred within the system. Densely ionizing radiations are more effective with less lateral scattering with distinct bragg peak biological effects. Heavy Ions inflict complex and clustered DNA damage along the radiation track that overwhelm Tumor DNA repair capacity. Heavy ion has 12x the mass of Proton that not only allows for better control and accuracy, but also allows higher energy transfer due to its higher mass. (Anology: Carbon atoms are like ‘bowling ball’ compared to proton ‘golf ball’ in terms of size and mass. The ‘bowling ball’ energy transfer will be significantly higher compared to a ‘golf ball’, resulting in greater tumor biological effect)